Thanks to translation software I was able to read the Russian label screwed to this box. It says Moscow and Niichasprom, along with the date, February of 1949.

Niichasprom was a state owned horological research institute back in 1949. A quick google search found Niichasprom is now a public corporation in Russia. The current website states they are a, "research institute of the watch industry." There are various projects listed on their website, such as tower clocks, floral clocks, time systems for institutions, etc. But back in 1949 it would appear from this nicely made box that they were perfecting the manufacture of watch jewels.

Inside the well padded box an assortment of jewels can be found wrapped in tissue paper. The jewels are set in either rectangular or round settings.

A rectangular setting:

A round jewel setting.

Unfortunately, there was no literature or chart with this box. I would imagine it was produced for consideration of watch factories in need of precision jewels.

Until next time, до свидания

Greg, you really come up with some unusual and interesting items. Thanks